喀斯特天坑略论   总被引：26，自引：11，他引：15  

朱学稳  朱德浩  黄保健  陈伟海  张远海  韩道山 《中国岩溶》2003,22(1):51-65

上世纪80 年代, 人们知道我国四川省兴文县的石海洞乡(石林)风景区有个“ 小岩湾” 的大型喀斯特漏斗, 但多少年来并未引起喀斯特学术界的重视。近年来, 随着这类喀斯特形态在我国南方喀斯特区的一系列重要科学发现, 为我们对这一现象的一般性研究提供了机会。在初步研究的过程中我们认识到, 应该将这类形态从大型漏斗中分离出来, 并命名为“ 喀斯特天坑”(karst tiankeng)。本文是这一研究成果的初步小结, 内容包括:国内外天坑的现有发现;喀斯特漏斗与天坑、天坑定义;天坑的成因类型、形成条件与发育阶段;天坑在科学研究及旅游资源开发中的意义。   相似文献   

Earthquake Monitoring and Study in the Jingpohu Volcano Cluster Area     

Liu Zhi  Duan Yonghong  Xu Zhaofan  Yuan Qinxi  Yang Jian  Zhou Xuesong 《中国地震研究》2008,22(2):164-174

Seismicity in the Jingpohu volcanic area was investigated based on the seismic data recorded by the mobile seismic network consisting of 14 stations equipped with 24-bit broad-band 3- component seismographs around Crater Forest, Results show that there appears certain seismicity in Jingpohu and its adjacent areas with a low activity level and most of the recorded earthquakes are the volcanic-tectonic ones, The results of location indicate a dominant focal depth of 10km - 30kin, most of the earthquakes are smaller than ML2,0, and are concentrated in the area of ＂ Crater Forest＂ and on the Dunhua-Mishan fault which runs through the volcanic area. At station No. 2, which has better observation conditions, two types of events, likely associated to volcanism, were recorded; their waveform characteristics are somewhat similar to that of the long-period volcanic event and the volcanic tremor, but with different feature of frequencies.  相似文献   

基于平面应变简化假定的桩扭转振动理论精度研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

胡昌斌  张涛 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(3):122-130

利用拉普拉斯变换对考虑桩土耦合扭转振动条件下,桩顶受到任意激振扭矩作用的端承桩桩顶频域及时域响应进行解析求解,推导求得了桩顶位移、速度频域响应,桩顶复阻抗的解析表达式和半正弦脉冲激励作用下的桩顶时域响应半解析解;将本文所得理论解与基于平面应变假定的桩基扭转耦合振动的频域解和时域解进行了全面对比研究,具体比较范围涉及土层对桩的局部复阻抗、桩顶复频响应、速度导纳、桩顶复刚度和桩顶时域响应等方面,并得到若干重要结论。研究成果校核了平面应变假定在桩基扭转振动理论研究中的合理运用,为进一步了解桩土耦合振动的内在机理提供理论支持。  相似文献   

The distribution rule and seepage effect of the fractures in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in east Gansu Province,Ordos Basin     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)

To study the impact of the fractures on development in the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of the Yangchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin,data on outcrops,cores,slices,well logging and experiments are utilized to analyze the cause of the formation of the fractures,their distribution rules and the control factors and discuss the seepage flow effect of the fractures. In the studied area developed chiefly high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal bedding fractures,inter-granular fractures and grain boundary fractures as well. Grain boundary fractures and intragranular fractures serve as vital channels linking intragranular pores and intergranular solution pores in the reservoir matrix,thus providing a good connectivity between the pores in the ultra-low perme-ability sandstone reservoir. The formation of fractures and their distribution are influenced by such external and internal factors as the palaeo-tectonic stress field,the reservoir lithological character,the thickness of the rock layer and the anisotropy of a layer. The present-day stress field influences the preservative state of fractures and their seepage flow effect. Under the tec-tonic effect of both the Yanshan and Himalayan periods,in this region four sets of fractures are distributed,respectively assuming the NE-SW,NW-SE,nearly E-W and nearly S-N orientations,but,due to the effect of the rock anisotropy of the rock formation,in some part of it two groups of nearly orthogonal fractures are chiefly distributed. Under the effect of the present-day stress field,the fractures that assume the NE-SW direction have a good connectivity,big apertures,a high permeability and a minimum starting pressure,all of which are main advantages of the seepage fractures in this region. With the development of oilfields,the permeability of the fractures of dif-ferent directions will have a dynamic change.  相似文献   

Petrology of the Yugu peridotites in the Gyeonggi Massif,South Korea: Implications for its origin and hydration process     

Shoji Arai  Akihiro Tamura  Satoko Ishimaru  Kazuyuki Kadoshima  Yong‐Il Lee  Ken‐ichiro Hisada 《Island Arc》2008,17(4):485-501

Peridotites exposed in the Yugu area in the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, near the boundary with the Okcheon Belt, exhibit mylonitic to strongly porphyroclastic textures, and are mostly spinel lherzolites. Subordinate dunites, harzburgites, and websterites are associated with the lherzolites. Amphiboles, often zoned from hornblende in the core to tremolite in the rim, are found only as neoblasts. Porphyroclasts have recorded equilibrium temperatures of about 1000°C, whereas neoblasts denote lower temperatures, about 800°C. Olivines are Fo_90–91 in lherzolites and Fo₉₁ in a dunite and a harzburgite. The Cr# (= Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) of spinels varies together with the Fo of olivines, being from 0.1 to 0.3 in lherzolites and around 0.5 in the dunite and harzburgite. The Na₂O content of clinopyroxene porphyroclasts is relatively low, around 0.3 to 0.5 wt% in the most fertile lherzolite. The Yugu peridotites are similar in porphyroclast mineral chemistry not to continental spinel peridotites but to sub‐arc or abyssal peridotites. Textural and mineralogical characteristics indicate the successive cooling with hydration from the upper mantle to crustal conditions for the Yugu peridotites. Almost all clinopyroxenes and amphiboles show the same U‐shaped rare earth element (REE) patterns although the level is up to ten times higher for the latter. The hydration was associated with enrichment in light REE, resulting from either a slab‐derived fluid or a fluid circulating in the crust. The mantle‐wedge or abyssal peridotites were emplaced into the continental crust as the Yugu peridotite body during collision of continents to form a high‐pressure metamorphic belt in the Gyeonggi Massif. The peridotites from the Gyeonggi Massif exhibit lower‐pressure equilibration than peridotites, with or without garnets, from the Dabie–Sulu Collision Belt, China, which is possibly a westward extension of the Gyeonggi Massif.  相似文献   

土钉支护结构破坏模式和加固机制分析     

贺若兰  李宁  张平 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):197-202

对不同土质中土性参数和支护参数共同影响下基坑土钉支护结构的内力和位移进行了系统的数值试验研究。结果表明,从砂土到粉土,再到软黏土介质变化时,基坑位移大小剧增,位移形态也发展成下部凸出的流鼓状,而且中下部土钉不能满足承载力要求。土性参数中,内摩擦角和凝聚力是导致位移形态发生改变的主要因素,侧压力系数主要引起位移大小的变化。支护参数中,土钉密度突出控制钉间土体位移;土钉长度在砂土中控制上部位移显著,软黏土中抑制下部位移更明显;土钉刚度的影响体现为钉土刚度比的影响,主要由插筋刚度控制,而随土类变化并不明显;并得出了各支护参数的临界值。  相似文献   

两淮地区煤炭资源地质勘探类型定量综合评价方法     

胡绍龙  朱文伟  陈伯年  俞显忠 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(6):7-11

安全、高效的现代化矿井建设,要求煤炭资源勘探速度快、精度高。通过总结安徽两淮地区近几十年来煤炭资源综合勘探经验,围绕“高精度、快速勘探”的主题,采用恰当的评价指标,对煤层稳定性和构造复杂程度进行定量评价,并提出了本地区煤炭资源地质勘探类型定量综合评价原则和方法,开发了定量评价软件系统。实际应用效果证明,该方法可行,结果可靠。   相似文献   

老挝万象平原钾盐矿床   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

朱延浙 《地质与资源》2008,17(1):45-49

经区域地质、区域重力、钻探、岩相古地理及矿床开采技术条件的调查与研究,老挝万象平原钾盐矿具如下特征：含盐地层为古近系塔贡组（E₁tg）,由膏盐岩与陆源细碎屑岩组成3个明显的沉积旋回,总体为一向北扬起的复式向斜构造;主矿体呈似层状产于塔贡组下段膏盐岩亚段（E₁tg^1-1）中,埋深78.80~528.30 m（平均272.57 m）,厚4.28~237.88 m（平均50.24 m）,单工程氯化钾的品位9.70%~30.76%（质量分数,平均15.63%）,顶底板均以石盐岩为直接围岩;矿石类型以光卤石矿石为主,钾石盐较少;矿床属碎屑岩系中的钾盐矿床,为海源陆生.  相似文献   

基于GIS的滑坡地质灾害地貌因素分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

郭芳芳  杨农  张岳桥  孟晖  叶宝莹 《地质力学学报》2008,14(1):87-96

基于ArcGIS平台, 利用SRTM-DEM数据资料, 选择青藏高原东缘及四川盆地为研究区, 提取了区内地形起伏度和坡度等地貌参数, 统计了区内2319个滑坡点的高程, 初步建立了地形地貌与滑坡灾害点分布之间的对应关系。结果表明, 研究区滑坡灾害点及其高程分布具有明显的区域规律性, 滑坡灾害点发生的高程为400~800m和1400~2000m, 这两个区间占研究区所有滑坡总数的40%和28%;滑坡所对应的地形起伏度主要在300~600m, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的48.68%;滑坡灾害发生的地形坡度为10°~25°, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的44.70%。研究发现, 这些地区对应的地貌类型主要是深切的"V"型河谷和山谷地貌。此外, 从断裂活动等方面分析了滑坡形成的动力机制。   相似文献   

福建紫金山矿田火成岩系列与浅成低温热液—斑岩铜金银成矿系统   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

黄仁生 《地质力学学报》2008,14(1):74-86

紫金山矿田内, 自地表往深部, 发育早白垩世中酸性火山岩、次火山英安斑岩、浅成相花岗闪长斑岩、中深成相花岗闪长岩, 构成中酸性火山-侵入岩系列。围绕着紫金山火山机构发育强烈的蚀变矿化, 形成高硫型浅成低温热液铜金矿、低硫型浅成低温热液银金矿和斑岩型铜(钼)矿床。矿田内各类铜金银矿床存在着密切的时空及物源联系, 它们在时间、空间上连续演化, 都是同源含矿中酸性岩浆在同一成矿背景之下于不同演化阶段的产物。含矿热液的物化性质及时空迁移决定了它们在不同地质部位产出不同的矿床类型, 构成与中酸性次火山-斑岩有关的浅成低温-斑岩铜金银矿成矿系统。   相似文献